Theranostic Investigation of Gadolinium-159 for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Monte Carlo Simulation Study

Gadolinium-159 (159Gd) is a beta emitter with appropriate energy for therapeutic application. However, this radioisotope additionally emits gamma rays, enabling the distribution of 159Gd to be detected by camera after each administration. The current research innovative in investigation as theranostic radioembolization HCC using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. For investigation, various patient scenarios including varying tumour involvement (TI), tumour-to-normal liver uptake ratio (T/N), and lung shunting (LS) were simulated Geant4 MC estimate absorbed doses organs at risk. planar imaging SPECTHead example from GATEContrib (GitHub) was utilized, inside created placed torso phantom GATE majority normal lungs less than maximum dose limitations 70 Gy 30 Gy, respectively. Absorbed other observed below 1 Gy. utilization 58 keV 363.54 photopeaks combination produced optimal 159Gd. This gives new insights into use radioisotope, potential used an Yttrium-90 (90Y) alternative radioembolization.